What is magnetic material? Classification of magnetic materials

Magnetic materials are materials that can react in some way to a magnetic field and are called magnetic materials. According to the strength of magnetism exhibited by substances in an external magnetic field, they can be classified into diamagnetic substances, paramagnetic substances, ferromagnetic substances, antiferromagnetic substances, and ferrimagnetic substances.

Most materials are diamagnetic or paramagnetic, and they have weak reactions to external magnetic fields. Ferromagnetic substances and ferrimagnetic substances are strong magnetic substances, and the commonly referred to magnetic materials refer to strong magnetic materials.

For magnetic materials, the magnetization curve and hysteresis loop are characteristic curves that reflect their basic magnetic properties.

Ferromagnetic materials are generally composed of Fe, Co, Ni elements and their alloys, rare earth elements and their alloys, as well as some compounds of Mn.

Magnetic materials are generally divided into soft magnetic materials and hard magnetic materials according to their difficulty of magnetization.

The commonly referred to magnetic materials refer to strong magnetic substances. Magnetic materials can be divided into soft magnetic materials and hard magnetic materials based on the difficulty of demagnetization after magnetization. Substances that are easily demagnetized after magnetization are called soft magnetic materials, while substances that are not easily demagnetized are called hard magnetic materials. Generally speaking, soft magnetic materials have lower remanence, while hard magnetic materials have higher remanence.

Magnetic materials are strong magnetic substances with magnetic ordering, and broadly include weak magnetic and antiferromagnetic substances that can be applied to their magnetism and magnetic effects. Magnetism is a fundamental property of matter. Substances can be classified into diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic substances based on their internal structure and properties in an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic substances are strong magnetic substances, while diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances are weak magnetic substances. Magnetic materials are divided into two categories based on their properties: metallic and non-metallic. The former mainly includes electrical steel, nickel based alloys, and rare earth alloys, while the latter mainly consists of ferrite materials. According to usage, it can be divided into soft magnetic materials, permanent magnetic materials, and functional magnetic materials. Functional magnetic materials mainly include magnetostrictive materials, magnetic recording materials, magnetoresistance materials, magnetic bubble materials, magneto-optical materials, gyromagnetic materials, and magnetic thin film materials. The basic magnetic properties of magnetic materials are reflected by magnetization curves, hysteresis loops, and magnetic losses.

Magnetic materials are an ancient yet young and widely used basic functional material. In the long-term development process, their applications have penetrated into various aspects of the national economy and defense. Magnetic materials themselves have also made great progress.